Chapter V
WHO SOLD PHAN BỘI CHÂU?
I. A SHORT BIOGRAPHY OF PHAN BỘI CHÂU
Phan
Bội Châu (1867 – 1940) was a pioneer of Vietnamese 20th century
nationalism. From 1905-08, he lived in Japan where he wrote political
tracts calling for the liberation of Vietnam from the French colonial
regime. In 1909, after being forced to leave Japan, he moved to Hong
Kong with Prince Cường Để while the Vietnamese students who had studied
in Japan came to China or Thailand. Because its members scattered, the
old Vietnam Modernization Association (Duy Tân hội) became weakened .
Moreover, in 1911, the Wuchang Uprising occurred in China on 10 October, it quickly spread and declared itself the Republic of China. A new organization following the Chinese revolution needed to be formed. A large meeting was held in late March 1912. The Vietnamese revolutionists agreed to form a new group, Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội (the Vietnam Restoration League ).
Cường Để was made president and chairman; Phan was vice-president. The members voted to campaign for democracy instead monarchy. The organization's sole purpose was to expel the French from Vietnam and establish a democratic republic.
Unfortunately, they had no funds and had great difficulty getting revolutionary leaflets into Vietnam. Also, the new Chinese government was too busy and would not help the movement with anything other than allowing Vietnamese comrades into its education and training system.
Moreover, in 1911, the Wuchang Uprising occurred in China on 10 October, it quickly spread and declared itself the Republic of China. A new organization following the Chinese revolution needed to be formed. A large meeting was held in late March 1912. The Vietnamese revolutionists agreed to form a new group, Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội (the Vietnam Restoration League ).
Cường Để was made president and chairman; Phan was vice-president. The members voted to campaign for democracy instead monarchy. The organization's sole purpose was to expel the French from Vietnam and establish a democratic republic.
Phan Bội Châu
|
Phan Boi Chau's House in Ben Ngu, Huế,
|
Unfortunately, they had no funds and had great difficulty getting revolutionary leaflets into Vietnam. Also, the new Chinese government was too busy and would not help the movement with anything other than allowing Vietnamese comrades into its education and training system.
By
1914, Phan was arrested by the Chinese authorities and thrown in jail
on suspicion of helping rival Chinese authorities. Fortunately the
intervention of the Chinese minister for the army, stopped them from
killing him or handing him over to the French. But he was kept in prison
for almost four years until 1917. In prison he wrote many biographies,
including his own, and other books.
In 1925, French agents seized him in Shanghai. He
was convicted of treason and spent the rest of his life under house
arrest in Huế. Guards kept the house under surveillance, so visits by
his admirers
were a bit inhibited. More public protests against his house arrest
caused the authorities to allow him to move to a house which had been
organized by his supporters. It was a thatched house divided into three
sections and had a medium-sized garden. Here he was able to meet his
supporters, his children and his grandchildren.
In
1926, when Phan Chu Trinh
died, Phan presided over a memorial service for him in Huế. Phan spent
his last fifteen years living a quiet life in Huế. He would often relax
by taking boat tripson the Sông Hương (Perfume River). He died on 29
October 1940, about a month after Japan invaded northern Vietnam.
II. THE BOOKS AND THE DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THE ARREST OF PHAN BỘI CHÂU
1.PHAN BỘI CHÂU
In his memoir entitled Niên Biểu, (Chronicle), Phan Bội Châu recited that unforgettable day:"At 12 noon on the eleventh day of the Fifth Month, my train from Hangchow arrived at the North Station Shanghai. In order to go quickly to the bank to send the money, I left my luggage at the depository and carried only a small bag with me. As soon as I came out of the train station, I saw a rather luxurious automobile and four Westerners standing by it. I did not realize that they were French, because in Shanghai there was a great mixture of Westerners and there were swarms of foreign visitors. It was quite common for cars to be used to pick up hotel guests. Little did I know that this car was there to kidnap someone! When I had gone a few steps from the station, one of the Westerners came up to me and said in Mandarin: 'This car is very nice; please get in.' I politely refused, saying 'I do not need a car.' Suddenly, one of the Westerners behind the car with a great heave pushed me inside it, the engine accelerated and we were off like a shot. In no time we had already entered the French Concession. The car drew up to the waterfront, where a French warship was docked. I now became a prisoner on this warship. (Wikipedia) (1)
Phan Bội Châu s' arrest caused a doubt in the nationalist revolutionists in China. With his natural craftiness, Nguyễn Tất Thành easily deceived Phan Bội Châu so Phan Bội Châu did not doubt him, but doubted Nguyễn Thượng Hiền. Phan Bội Châu wrote:
"I did not realize that every minute of my activities was being reported to the French by Nguyễn Thượng Hiền, a man who lived with me and was supported by me. When this Nguyen Thuong Huyen first arrived in Hangchow, he was with Tran Duc Quy; I was quite dubious about him. But later I heard that he was a great-nephew of Main Son (Nguyễn Thượng Hiền), well versed in literary Chinese, the holder of a cử nhân (舉人) degree and familiar with French and quốc ngữ. Owing to his capabilities, I kept him on as my secretary without suspecting that he was an informer for the French. ( Wikipedia) (2)
When Phan Bội Châu was arrested, Vietnamese people did not know who was the informer for the French police, but later, the Vietnamese in China, especially, the comrades close to Phan Bội Châu came home and told the truth to their compatriots.
2. NHƯỢNG TỐNG
According to Minh Võ, Nhượng Tống, an important person of Vietnamese Nationalist Party was the first man who spead this new in Vietnam. In 1928, Nhượng Tống's publisher Nam Đồng issued a document entitled " Who sold Phan Bội Châu" accusing Lý Thụy, Lâm Đức Thụ of betraying Phan Bội Châu. In 1949, Nhượng Tống was killed by Vietnamese communists.
According to Minh Võ, at that time, nobody knew who Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ were , but later everybody knew that they were the important members of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội), which later renamed The Vietnamese Communist Party, and Lý Thụy ( Hồ Chí Minh) pushed Lâm Đức Thụ to sell out Phan Bội Châu to the French. Nguyễn Công Viễn
( aliases Lâm Đức Thụ, and Hoàng Chấn Đông ) a member of Tâm Tâm Xã ( Heart Organization ) of Phan Bội Châu also followed Lý Thụy betraying Phan Bội Châu..(Minh Võ.LXII)
3.ĐÀO VĂN HỘI
In 1951, in a book entitled " Ba Nhà Chí Sĩ họ Phan"(Three Patriots of Three Families Phans), Đào Văn Hội wrote:" After Phan Bội Châu went to Hangzhou, Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ convened a meeting to discuss the party's financial problems. Many Vietnamese revolutionists were invited except Nguyễn Hải Thần, but nobody could find a solution. Lâm Đức Thụ proposed to sell Phan Bội Châu to the French for money.The meeting agreed
with Lâm Đức Thụ and assigned to Lâm to get in contact with the French consulate in Hong Kong to negotiate the sale of Phan Bội Châu.(Minh Võ.LXII);(3).
4. NGUYỄN THƯỢNG HUYỀN
After the sale of Phan Bội Châu, many Vietnamese revolutionaries in China came home and tell the truth. Duiker wrote in Chronicle, Phan Bội Châu said that he heard only rumors. Duiker also stated that Phạm Văn Sơn believed that the conspirators were Lý Thụy, and Lâm Đức Thụ. Later, Nguyễn Thượng Huyền returned to Vietnam, then in 1965 in Saigon, and wrote an article on Magazine Bách Khoa N0 73 to clear the unjust charge. (4)
5. VƯƠNG THÚC OÁNH
In his memoir, Vương Thúc Oánh, a Phan Bội Châu' son in law was one of nine members of the first Vietnamese Communist Party in February of 1925 recounted the story of his father in law. At that time, Vương Thúc Oánh left Thailand for Guǎngzhōu with Hồ Tùng Mậu. Vương Thúc Oánh recounted in his memoir: "In a meeting with Lý Thụy, in 1925 he heard Lý Thụy said:"Phan is too old, and nearly dead, he cannot do anything, I would rather to sell him to the French to get money for our party".The members of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội) voted in favor of Lý Thụy's idea. (5)
In his memoir entitled Niên Biểu, (Chronicle), Phan Bội Châu recited that unforgettable day:"At 12 noon on the eleventh day of the Fifth Month, my train from Hangchow arrived at the North Station Shanghai. In order to go quickly to the bank to send the money, I left my luggage at the depository and carried only a small bag with me. As soon as I came out of the train station, I saw a rather luxurious automobile and four Westerners standing by it. I did not realize that they were French, because in Shanghai there was a great mixture of Westerners and there were swarms of foreign visitors. It was quite common for cars to be used to pick up hotel guests. Little did I know that this car was there to kidnap someone! When I had gone a few steps from the station, one of the Westerners came up to me and said in Mandarin: 'This car is very nice; please get in.' I politely refused, saying 'I do not need a car.' Suddenly, one of the Westerners behind the car with a great heave pushed me inside it, the engine accelerated and we were off like a shot. In no time we had already entered the French Concession. The car drew up to the waterfront, where a French warship was docked. I now became a prisoner on this warship. (Wikipedia) (1)
Phan Bội Châu s' arrest caused a doubt in the nationalist revolutionists in China. With his natural craftiness, Nguyễn Tất Thành easily deceived Phan Bội Châu so Phan Bội Châu did not doubt him, but doubted Nguyễn Thượng Hiền. Phan Bội Châu wrote:
"I did not realize that every minute of my activities was being reported to the French by Nguyễn Thượng Hiền, a man who lived with me and was supported by me. When this Nguyen Thuong Huyen first arrived in Hangchow, he was with Tran Duc Quy; I was quite dubious about him. But later I heard that he was a great-nephew of Main Son (Nguyễn Thượng Hiền), well versed in literary Chinese, the holder of a cử nhân (舉人) degree and familiar with French and quốc ngữ. Owing to his capabilities, I kept him on as my secretary without suspecting that he was an informer for the French. ( Wikipedia) (2)
When Phan Bội Châu was arrested, Vietnamese people did not know who was the informer for the French police, but later, the Vietnamese in China, especially, the comrades close to Phan Bội Châu came home and told the truth to their compatriots.
2. NHƯỢNG TỐNG
According to Minh Võ, Nhượng Tống, an important person of Vietnamese Nationalist Party was the first man who spead this new in Vietnam. In 1928, Nhượng Tống's publisher Nam Đồng issued a document entitled " Who sold Phan Bội Châu" accusing Lý Thụy, Lâm Đức Thụ of betraying Phan Bội Châu. In 1949, Nhượng Tống was killed by Vietnamese communists.
According to Minh Võ, at that time, nobody knew who Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ were , but later everybody knew that they were the important members of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội), which later renamed The Vietnamese Communist Party, and Lý Thụy ( Hồ Chí Minh) pushed Lâm Đức Thụ to sell out Phan Bội Châu to the French. Nguyễn Công Viễn
( aliases Lâm Đức Thụ, and Hoàng Chấn Đông ) a member of Tâm Tâm Xã ( Heart Organization ) of Phan Bội Châu also followed Lý Thụy betraying Phan Bội Châu..(Minh Võ.LXII)
3.ĐÀO VĂN HỘI
In 1951, in a book entitled " Ba Nhà Chí Sĩ họ Phan"(Three Patriots of Three Families Phans), Đào Văn Hội wrote:" After Phan Bội Châu went to Hangzhou, Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ convened a meeting to discuss the party's financial problems. Many Vietnamese revolutionists were invited except Nguyễn Hải Thần, but nobody could find a solution. Lâm Đức Thụ proposed to sell Phan Bội Châu to the French for money.The meeting agreed
with Lâm Đức Thụ and assigned to Lâm to get in contact with the French consulate in Hong Kong to negotiate the sale of Phan Bội Châu.(Minh Võ.LXII);(3).
4. NGUYỄN THƯỢNG HUYỀN
After the sale of Phan Bội Châu, many Vietnamese revolutionaries in China came home and tell the truth. Duiker wrote in Chronicle, Phan Bội Châu said that he heard only rumors. Duiker also stated that Phạm Văn Sơn believed that the conspirators were Lý Thụy, and Lâm Đức Thụ. Later, Nguyễn Thượng Huyền returned to Vietnam, then in 1965 in Saigon, and wrote an article on Magazine Bách Khoa N0 73 to clear the unjust charge. (4)
5. VƯƠNG THÚC OÁNH
In his memoir, Vương Thúc Oánh, a Phan Bội Châu' son in law was one of nine members of the first Vietnamese Communist Party in February of 1925 recounted the story of his father in law. At that time, Vương Thúc Oánh left Thailand for Guǎngzhōu with Hồ Tùng Mậu. Vương Thúc Oánh recounted in his memoir: "In a meeting with Lý Thụy, in 1925 he heard Lý Thụy said:"Phan is too old, and nearly dead, he cannot do anything, I would rather to sell him to the French to get money for our party".The members of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội) voted in favor of Lý Thụy's idea. (5)
6. HOÀNG VĂN CHÍ
Lê
Dư a close comrade of Phan Bội Châu, was a witness, consequently when
he came back Vietnam, he recounted this event to his family members and
friends. Phan Khôi and Hoàng Văn Chí were his sons in law therefore they
understood clearly Nguyễn Tất Thành.
In 1964, Hoàng Văn Chí recounted that when the Vietnam Restoration League was in difficulty, Lý Thụy sold out Phan Bội Châu to the French for 100.000 piastres (at that time, the price of a buffalow was $ 5). Phan
Bội Châu knew that Lý Thụy ( Nguyễn Tất Thành) was a communist but he
thought that communist also loved his country like the nationalist. He
trusted him and went to Shanghai, but he did not know Shanghai was a Concession belonged to the French. He was arrested by the French police and was transported back to Vietnam.
Afterwards, a comrade of Lý Thụy said to us that Phan Bội was too old,
and worth nothing.We would rather sell him" . Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ
continued to sell the Vietnamese patriots who did not follow their
Communist Party. As a result, the nationalist force was weakening when the Communist party developed, and Lâm Đức Thụ became famous with the nickname " dealer of trafficking in persons" living in wealth in Hong Kong, but at last having nothing to sell, he had to apply for French subsidies. He came to Pnom Penh, then returned to Vietnam.
In 1945, he met Ho Chi Minh in Hà Nội, Hồ advised him to come home
and do not mention about the sale of Phan Bội Châu. Obeying Hồ Chí Minh,
he came home in Thái Bình, his natal province, and was killed by
Vietnamese communists in 1947(6).
7. TRỊNH VÂN THANH.
In 1966, in his dictionary, Trịnh Vân Thanh, also recited the sale of Phan Bội Châu by Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ (HCM, LXI) (7)
8. PRINCE CƯỜNG ĐỂ
In 1968, in his memoir, Prince Cường
Để (1882 – 1951) accused Lâm ĐứcThụ of betraying Phan Bội Châu. Prince Cường Để stated that at the end of May of 1925, Lâm Đức Thụ sent money to Phan Bội Châu in Hángzhōu, and he invited Phan coming to Guǎngzhōu to help a ceremony to celebrate Pham Hong Thai on June 19. Receiving letter and money, Phan Bội Châu. went to Shanghai for Guangzhou. Phan Bội Châu had gone for a long time but nobody receiving his letter. In Hangzhou,
Ho Hoc Lam was very worried, he wrote letters to ask his comrades in
Guangzhou, but nobody know where Phan Bội Châu was. A month later, a
letter from Mr. Lâm Chi Hạ informed that Phan Bội Châu was arrested. Lâm
Chi Hạ, a Director of an Army Journal in
Hangzhou received a letter from a Chinese student who met Phan Bội Châu
on a ship. When the policeman left a minute, Phan told him about his
arrest, and asked him for sending a piece of paper to Mr. Lâm Chi Hạ. In
Guangzhou, Lâm Đức Thụ uttered slander about the close comrades of Phan Bội Châu in order "to conceal his crimes and destroy “Vietnamese Restoration League”. When Phan was transported back to Hanoi, Vietnamese people protested against his arrest, Lâm Đức Thụ frankly proclaimed
that he was the informer for the French to seize Phan Bội Châu. He also
declared that Phan Bội Châu was too old, not available for the new age,
consequently, the sale of Phan Bội Châu was a great profit for the
Vietname revolution".(8)
Besides the Vietnamese authors, many foreign writers also focused on the arrest of Phan Bội Châu in 1925.
9.. JIANG YONG JING In 1967, Jiang yong jìng in his book entitled " Hồ Chí Minh in China" wrote that a numbers of Phan Bội Châu's followers as Lâm Đức Thụ, Vũ Anh, Lê Tùng Anh, Nguyễn Văn Thiều betrayed Phan Bội Châu and joined Lý Thụy's Vietnamese communist party. By Lý Thụy 's decision, Lâm Đức Thụ replaced Hồ Tùng Mậu in the role of the leader of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association in Hong Kong. Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ sold out Phan Bội Châu to the French in 1925.(9)
10.JOSEPH BUTTINGER
Joseph Buttinger extracted this news from the Journal "Cải Tạo"(Renovation) in Hà Nội in 1948, to his book, and he wrote :
“Lam Duc Thu and Thanh (Ho Chi Minh) split 150,000 piasters, which Thanh later used to fund his own fledgling communist organization,
"Vietnamese Revolutionnary Youth Association"
”Ho Chi Minh promised to protect Thu with condition that Thu must keep a low and "quiet" life in the village and not to reveal the secret about "activities" of both when they had lived in Hong Kong..”(10).
11.PHILLIP B. DAVIDSON
Phillip B. Davidson wrote: Later the French said that in June 1925, Ho betrayed Châu to Sureté in Shanghai for 100.000 piasters.Years later, Hồ justified his treachery on two grounds: Châu's arrest and trial would stir up a hotbed of resentment in Vietnam, which was somethings the revolution needed, and Hồ needed his share of the money to finance his communist organization in Canton. (11)
12. RICHARD NIXON
Nixon in his "No More Vietnams" wrote:
Hồ formed alliances virtually with all of Vietnamese nationalist
groups, but he never put the common interest above his own. He
cooperated with true nationalists only if he could advance his ambitions
by doing so. When their interests collided with his, he destroyed
them.In 1925, he betrayed Vietnam
most prominent nationalist Phan Bội Châu
to the French secret police. Communist histories stated that Phan
walked into trap. But they do not mention it was Ho he had set it up for
a payoff of 100,000 piastres. At that time, Hô justified his
treachery by telling his comrades that Phan was a nationalist, not a
communist and that as such he would have been a rival in the future. (12)
III. REVIEW
All books and documents I mentioned above are the best studies of the arrest of Phan Bội Châu in 1925. Richard Nixon analyzed exactly Hồ Chí Minh's Machiavellianism and his brutality:
He cooperated with true nationalists only if he could advance his ambitions by doing so. When their interests collided with his, he destroyed them.
Đào Văn Hội wrote: Before Phan Bội Châu was arrested, a large meeting was held in order to resolve the financial problem, and Lâm Đức Thụ proposed the idea to sell out Phan Bội Châu.
In my opinion, this meeting was not help because the communists always kept secret. Vietnamese new proverb says:
"What the Communists say, they do not do;
What the communists do, they do not say".
Some writers followed sincerely the communist documents, or were sympathetic to the Communists, they did not mention of the arrest of Phan Bội Châu. Although J. P. Honey was in sympathy with Hồ Chí Minh, he confirmed that Hồ Chí Minh and Lâm Đức Thụ sold Phan Bội Châu to the French. He said that the sale of Phan Bội Châu, a famous Vietnamese revolutionist in exile in China reflected exactly the nature of Hồ Chí Minh, an extreme, brutal, and trick man".(13) (HCM, Minh Võ- LXII).
Halberstam also affirmed that Hồ Chí Minh and Lâm Đức Thụ sold Hồ Chí Minh, but he followed the communists books to praise Hồ Chí Minh (14)(HCM, Minh Võ- LXII). I do not know what religion Halberstam followed and why he praised Judas.
The Vietnamese communist always told lie, as a consequent, their books and documents were the words of flatter towards their leaders and the insults for their enemies. About
the relationship between the Soviet representatives and Phan Bội Châu,
and the meeting between Nguyễn Tất Thành and Phan Bội Châu, the
Vietnamese Communists concluded that Phan Bội Châu already changed his nationalism to the communism.
In Chronicle, Phan Bội Châu recounted his meeting with the Rusian communists:"In the November of the year of Monkey (1920), I
heard that a Conference of the Soviet Communist Party will be help at
the University of Peking. By curiosity and by thirst for truth, I came
to Peking. I visited Mr.Thái Nguyên Bồi ( Cai Yuanpei). He
inproduced me to two men. One man was a Russian, the delegation leader
but I forgot his name. Another man was Mr. Lap. That was the first time I
met the Russians. I said to Mr. Lap: "My people want to go to your
country to study, please give me some information!"
Mr. Lap replied:" Our Labor government welcomes every body in the world coming to our country. It is very easy for the Vietnamese students who want to go to our country. They can travel from Peking to Vladivostok by car or by ship. From Vladivostok to Moscow, the travelers take only ten days. The students must come to the Russian embassy in Peking to receive the passport and Letter of introduction of the Russian ambassador. From Vietnam to Moscow, it is not expensive, it is for just 200 đồng.
Before going to Moscow, the students must recognize the following conditions:
-1.Believing in the Communism.
-2. When they finished their education, they must
propagate the Marxism.
-3.When they finished their education and came home, they must engage in the revolutionary activities.
The Labor government will cover all their costs when they stayed in Russia and came home. Mr. Hoàng Đình Tuân used English to translate for me.I realized that the Russian spoke his language with a sincere, not cold, not warm voice. I remembered a sentence:"You are the first Vietnamese I saw. I will thank you if you can use English to write a book about the French 's cruelty in Vietnam."(15)
Phan Bội Châu had tried to study carefully and got in contact with them but at last he realized that the Communism was also a kind of Imperialism, and Marxism would be a disaster for human kind.
In Chronicle he realized that the Russians were crafty (16). As a consequent, after the meeting with the Russians in Peking, he engaged in the reform of Vietnamese Restoration League into the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng), and did not pay attention any more to the Communism.
Mr. Lap replied:" Our Labor government welcomes every body in the world coming to our country. It is very easy for the Vietnamese students who want to go to our country. They can travel from Peking to Vladivostok by car or by ship. From Vladivostok to Moscow, the travelers take only ten days. The students must come to the Russian embassy in Peking to receive the passport and Letter of introduction of the Russian ambassador. From Vietnam to Moscow, it is not expensive, it is for just 200 đồng.
Before going to Moscow, the students must recognize the following conditions:
-1.Believing in the Communism.
-2. When they finished their education, they must
propagate the Marxism.
-3.When they finished their education and came home, they must engage in the revolutionary activities.
The Labor government will cover all their costs when they stayed in Russia and came home. Mr. Hoàng Đình Tuân used English to translate for me.I realized that the Russian spoke his language with a sincere, not cold, not warm voice. I remembered a sentence:"You are the first Vietnamese I saw. I will thank you if you can use English to write a book about the French 's cruelty in Vietnam."(15)
Phan Bội Châu had tried to study carefully and got in contact with them but at last he realized that the Communism was also a kind of Imperialism, and Marxism would be a disaster for human kind.
In Chronicle he realized that the Russians were crafty (16). As a consequent, after the meeting with the Russians in Peking, he engaged in the reform of Vietnamese Restoration League into the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng), and did not pay attention any more to the Communism.
Wikipedia wrote:At the start of 1921, Phan studied Socialism
and the Soviet Union in the hope of gaining assistance from the Soviet
Union or socialist groups. (Wikipedia-English)
Following Vietnamese Communist Encyclopedia, (Từ Điển Bach Khoa Toàn Thư Việt Nam),
Wikipedia wrote: After Phan Bội Châu was released, he continued to
engage in the revolutionary activities. In 1922, Phan Bội Châu adapting
from the National Party of Sun
Yat- sen (Trung Hoa Quốc Dân đảng) reformed Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
(Vietnamese Restoration
League) into the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng).
At that time, Nguyễn Ái Quốc, a member of the Department of Asia of
Communist International adviced Phan Bội Châu, consequently, Phan Bội
Châu agreed with him to change into Socialism.(17)
The bibliography of Ho Chí Minh published by Sự Thật, Hà Nội, 1987, also said the same thing.(18)
Phan
Bội Châu was different from Nguyễn Tất Thành . When Nguyễn Tất Thành
wanted to be a slave to the Communism, but Phan Bội Châu did not. If he
wanted, he could write a book in Chinese or Vietnamese then translated
into English by the help of his men, such as Mr. Hoàng Đình Tuân.
Phan's
rejection led to his arrest by the French, because the Communists did
not want Phan Bội Châu adapting from the National Party of Sun Yat- sen
to reform Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội (Vietnamese Restoration League) into
the Vietnamese Nationalist Party, which would be an obstacle to the
development of Communism. Therefore they decided to destroyed Phan Bội
Châu by selling him to the French. The arrest of Phan Bội Châu means that he did not follow communism, so he was revenged by Lý Thụy.
Trần Dân Tiên mentioned a little bit about Phan Bội Châu, but he accused Phan Bội Châu of "fighting the tiger in front door, but allowing the leopard enter by the back door" (19) when Phan Bội Châu needed to obtain foreign aid, from Chinese or Japanese revolutionaries, to finance the revolution in Vietnam . Trần Dân Tiên forgot that after 1909 Phan Bội Châu experienced the betrayal of the Japanese , then he gave up the illusion of the foreign aid when Nguyễn Ái Quốc pursued blindly the Comintern. While Phan Bội Châu's intention failed, Nguyễn Ái Quốc's dream came true with a lot of genocide. Trần Dân Tiên also criticized Nguyễn Hải Thần, Nguyễn Trường Tam.
Communist writers always deceived people by praising their leaders. In many books and documents, they said that Phan Chu Trinh and Phan Bội Châu respected Nguyễn Tất Thành.
In a Communist document, they imagined words of Phan Bội Châu: Many years later, Phan Bội Châu has lived in Huế, an young man asked him: When you came home, who in the foreign country can lead our people? Phan Bội Châu replied:Nguyễn Ái Quốc. He is better than me!He will lead our people"(20)
And in another document, they also created a letter dated February 14, 1925 by Phan Bội Châu sending to Nguyễn Tất Thành:
My respectable nice,
...When I visited your father, you and your brother still young, but now your study developed so much... now you become a young hero. When I am an old and useless man, you would become a leader for future of Vietnam. Thus the younger man could replace the old man...I want to come to Canton to see you... (21)
We can realize a number of mistakes in this letter:
-The old man never calls a young man with a respectacle voice " My respectable nice"
-Phan Bội Châu never praises Nguyễn Tất Thành because around 1925, Phan Bội Châu was a prominent nationalist of Vietnam while Nguyễn Tất Thành was an aninomous man.
-This letter showed that Nguyễn Tất Thành desired to replace and destroy Phan Bội Châu to occupy his position.
-The Communists honored Nguyễn Tất Thành and dedained an old man and worthless Phan Bội Châu.
-Communists used this letter to tell us that Phan Bội Châu 's visit Canton was by his idea not by Nguyễn Tất Thành and Lâm Đức Thụ 's plot.
Communists now seized all the printing houses, and they only have had the right to publish. They could forge the historical evidence such as the letters of Phan Chu Trinh and Phan Bội Châu.
They could put some words or sentences in the books or mouths of the writers as Đào Duy Anh, Chương Thâu but the writers could not refuse or oppose them.
Phan Bội Châu and Phan Chu Trinh could like him, considering him as their sons, but they never respected and praised him because of many reasons:
- He was still young, at the age of their son.
-He was an illiterate, he did not finish his elementary education.
-He followed communism, he betrayed Phan Chu Trinh, he was a tricky and brutal man, although he was President of a Nation or a leader of a Party, Phan Chu Trinh and Phan Bội Châu never honored such a man!
An article on Washington Post recited the truth of the arrest of Phan Bội Châu:
In Shanghai, Chau met Ho Chi Minh, then operating under the alias Ly Thuy. As heads of rival nationalist, revolutionary groups, they immediately distrusted each other, but in their quarrels Ho struck the first blow. In June 1925, for 100,000 piastres, he betrayed Chau to agents of the Deuxieme Bureau, Surete Generale du Gouvernement General pour l’Indochine (abbreviated as 2d Bureau)–the French police–and he was seized while passing through Shanghai’s international settlement. Ly Thuy later rationalized that his was a good act”(22)
Nguyễn justified his treachery on many grounds. He said he destroyed Phan Bội Châu for the development of the communism. It was not true because he destroyed both nationalists and communists. According to Hà Huy Tập, Nguyễn Tất Thành pushed hundred members of Indochina Communist Party and the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association in to the French's hands (23).
Hà Huy Tập was an innocent politician, he did not realize that Nguyễn Tất Thành was a conspirator, a traitor who sold his compatriots even his comrades to the French.
Is that sale of Communists the way to develop communism in Vietnam? From 1925 to 1954, a lot of communists were killed by the French as Lê Hồng Phong, Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, Hà Huy Tập, Nguyễn Văn Cừ, Võ Văn Tần, Phan Đăng Lưu, Nguyễn Hữu Tiến, Tạ Uyên... and died secretly as Phùng Chí Kiên, Hồ Tùng Mậu, Nguyễn Bình. Perhaps their deaths and the arrest of Phan Bội Châu were caused by Hồ Chí Minh's plot.
He criticized that Phan was too old, that was not true because in 1925, Phan was 58 years old. That was the good age for the politician. He said he harmed Phan Bội Châu for the financial problem. The revolutionists were the ideal persons who sacrificed their life for their countries and humankind; they were not the dealers of trafficking in persons. He was deceitful because he respected Lenin, Stalin, did he dare to sell them?The leader was the soul of a nation, an organization, nobody could sell his leader excepted Judas. His sayings proved he was a tricky and brutal man.
Nguyễn Tất Thành said that the arrest of Phan Bội Châu would stir up the revolutionary movement in Vietnam, but at the beginning of the tragedy, nobody knew what happened to Phan Bội Châu. If Phan Bội Châu was killed secretly as Huỳnh Phú Sổ, Tạ Thu Thâu, and the French repressed violently like the Vietnamese communists, what Nguyễn Tất Thành declared?
Nguyễn Tất Thành was a snake in the grass.
His ambition never came to the end. He destroyed Phan Bội Châu, and destroyed everyone who did not follow him. It was his Machiavellianism and his ways to make money.
Firstly,
he visited Phan Bội Châu and asked about Phan Bội Châu's activities.
Phan Bội Châu believed in him and told the truth of the situation of his
league, and showed him some photographs and addresses of his
comrades.
Secondly, he promoted Lâm Đức Thụ the leader of Vietnamese Communist Party by replacing Hồ Tùng Mậu. Lâm Đức Thụ was very happy with this promotion, so he was ready to jump into fire following the order of his master. Lâm Đức Thụ wrote a letter to Phan Bội Châu to invite him to come to Guǎngzhōu where was the French Concession so the French could seize easily Phan Bội Châu.
Thirdly, after finishing his first mission Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ spread another traps in order to sell many Vietnamese nationalists in China to the French. At that time, Lý Thụy, Lâm Đức Thụ, Hoàng Văn Hoan infiltrated Tâm Tâm Xã ( Heart Association) and Viêt Nam Quang Phục hội (Vietnamese Restoration League ). Some of them also worked for Huángpŭ Jūnxiào. Lâm Đức Thụ forced the members of Vietnamese Restoration League to submit to him two photographs if they wanted to join the Huángpŭ Jūnxiào. The members who did not join the Communist Party would be sold to the French like Phan Bội Châu.
Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ's business developed in a convenient way from 1925 to 1933 so Lâm Đức Thụ became a rich man while Lý Thụy could developed easily his communist party. Although a great number of communists evaluated Lý Thụy, but Hà Huy Tập criticized him harshly in some letters he sent to the Communist International especially the letter dated April 20,1932 he denounced that Lý Thụy pushed hundred members of the Indochina Communist Party and the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội) into the hand of the French (20). Perhaps when Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ engaged in the trafficking in persons, they sold everybody even the communists who belonged to another Vietnamese communist parties. Nguyễn Tất Thành was really a traitor. The Vietnamese Communists
even Hồ Chí Minh confirmed that Hồ Chí Minh was a lackey to the French:
When the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội) began to spread in Vietnam, the French colonialists helped me so much" (24)
IV. CONCLUSION
It is clear that Nguyễn Tất Thành and Lâm Đức Thụ sold out Phan Bội Châu to the French, but Nguyễn Tất Thành was a master mind . He was a crafty and brutal man. He extirpated the nationalists, he also destroyed his rivals in the communist parties.
Nguyễn Tất Thành committed many crimes.
He was a professional thief. He robbed the name Nguyễn Ái Quốc and the revolutionary works of group Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trường. He robbed the name Hồ Chí Minh and the name Vietnam Độc Lập Đồng Minh hội of Hồ Học Lãm. He also robbed Phan Bội Châu s' freedom, and his revolutionary organization. He committed the crime of trafficking in persons, he was guilty of dealing with the enemy, and was guilty of betraying the country. By those crimes, he could not avoid the shooting to death in the Stalin's purge.
Nguyễn Tất Thành did not love his country neither his communist party. He did not have any comrade. His comrade was only his ambition.
Secondly, he promoted Lâm Đức Thụ the leader of Vietnamese Communist Party by replacing Hồ Tùng Mậu. Lâm Đức Thụ was very happy with this promotion, so he was ready to jump into fire following the order of his master. Lâm Đức Thụ wrote a letter to Phan Bội Châu to invite him to come to Guǎngzhōu where was the French Concession so the French could seize easily Phan Bội Châu.
Thirdly, after finishing his first mission Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ spread another traps in order to sell many Vietnamese nationalists in China to the French. At that time, Lý Thụy, Lâm Đức Thụ, Hoàng Văn Hoan infiltrated Tâm Tâm Xã ( Heart Association) and Viêt Nam Quang Phục hội (Vietnamese Restoration League ). Some of them also worked for Huángpŭ Jūnxiào. Lâm Đức Thụ forced the members of Vietnamese Restoration League to submit to him two photographs if they wanted to join the Huángpŭ Jūnxiào. The members who did not join the Communist Party would be sold to the French like Phan Bội Châu.
Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ's business developed in a convenient way from 1925 to 1933 so Lâm Đức Thụ became a rich man while Lý Thụy could developed easily his communist party. Although a great number of communists evaluated Lý Thụy, but Hà Huy Tập criticized him harshly in some letters he sent to the Communist International especially the letter dated April 20,1932 he denounced that Lý Thụy pushed hundred members of the Indochina Communist Party and the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội) into the hand of the French (20). Perhaps when Lý Thụy and Lâm Đức Thụ engaged in the trafficking in persons, they sold everybody even the communists who belonged to another Vietnamese communist parties. Nguyễn Tất Thành was really a traitor. The Vietnamese Communists
even Hồ Chí Minh confirmed that Hồ Chí Minh was a lackey to the French:
When the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Association ( Viet Nam Thanh Niên Cách Mạng Đồng Chí hội) began to spread in Vietnam, the French colonialists helped me so much" (24)
IV. CONCLUSION
It is clear that Nguyễn Tất Thành and Lâm Đức Thụ sold out Phan Bội Châu to the French, but Nguyễn Tất Thành was a master mind . He was a crafty and brutal man. He extirpated the nationalists, he also destroyed his rivals in the communist parties.
Nguyễn Tất Thành committed many crimes.
He was a professional thief. He robbed the name Nguyễn Ái Quốc and the revolutionary works of group Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trường. He robbed the name Hồ Chí Minh and the name Vietnam Độc Lập Đồng Minh hội of Hồ Học Lãm. He also robbed Phan Bội Châu s' freedom, and his revolutionary organization. He committed the crime of trafficking in persons, he was guilty of dealing with the enemy, and was guilty of betraying the country. By those crimes, he could not avoid the shooting to death in the Stalin's purge.
Nguyễn Tất Thành did not love his country neither his communist party. He did not have any comrade. His comrade was only his ambition.
_____
(1). Phan Bội Châu Niên Biểu (Tự Phán), Nhóm Nghiên Cứu Sử Địa, Saigon, 1973, 211- 212)
(2). Phan Bội Châu Niên Biểu,211- 212
(3).Đào Văn Hội. Ba Nhà Chí Sĩ họ Phan. first edition, Sài Gòn 1951, 2nd ed.1990 . Văn Sử . San José, tr. 127):
(2). Phan Bội Châu Niên Biểu,211- 212
(3).Đào Văn Hội. Ba Nhà Chí Sĩ họ Phan. first edition, Sài Gòn 1951, 2nd ed.1990 . Văn Sử . San José, tr. 127):
(4). Nguyễn Thượng Huyền. Bách Khoa, N0 73, Sài Gòn in 1960- ”Việt Sử Tân Biên – Phạm Văn Sơn – Sàigòn 1972 – Q.7, tr.
254, 229.
(5).Vương Thúc Oánh. Tự thuật, Hà Nội, 1962 . Minh Võ trích.(HCM. Minh Võ.LXII)
(6). Hoàng Văn Chí .Từ Thực Dân đến Cộng sản, Chân Trời Mới, Saigon,1964. ch.1.
(6). Hoàng Văn Chí .Từ Thực Dân đến Cộng sản, Chân Trời Mới, Saigon,1964. ch.1.
(7). Trịnh Vân Thanh. Thành ngữ điển tích danh nhân từ điển .NXB. Hồn Thiêng, Sài Gòn, 1966; Văn Học Hà Nội 2008 tái bản.
(8). Cường Để. Cuộc đời Cách Mạng –Hồi ký ( Life of Aa Revolutionary ), Saigon 1968, tr. 121 -
Vĩnh Sính, "Mối liên hệ giữa Phan Bội Châu và Nguyễn Ái Quốc ở Trung Quốc, 1924-1925 – (The Ralationship between Phan Bội Châu and Nguyễn Ái Quốc in China from 1924 to 1925), Văn Nghệ, HCM city, 2001. tr. 242).
Vĩnh Sính, "Mối liên hệ giữa Phan Bội Châu và Nguyễn Ái Quốc ở Trung Quốc, 1924-1925 – (The Ralationship between Phan Bội Châu and Nguyễn Ái Quốc in China from 1924 to 1925), Văn Nghệ, HCM city, 2001. tr. 242).
(9). Tưởng Vĩnh Kính. Hồ Chí Minh in China. (Minh Võ.Hồ Chí Minh, Nhận Định Tổng Quát, ch.7.)
(10). Joseph Buttinger.Vietnam, A Dragon Embattle. New York: Praeger, 1967. Tome I, p. 153.
(11).
Phillip B. Davidson. VIETNAM AT WAR 1946-1975. Oxford University Press,
1988, p.4 ( Hoàng Văn Chí. From Colonialism to Communism, New York:
Frederick Praeger.1964 p.18)
(12).Nixon . "No More Vietnam". Avon Books (Mm); Reissue edition (November 1994) p.33
(13). J.P Honey, North Việt Nam Today – tr. 4.(HCM, Minh Võ- LXII).
(14). Ho – David Halberstam, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007 p. 44- 45.
(15).Tự Phán, p.196-198.
(16). Tự Phán, p.206
(17). Ra tù, Phan Bội Châu lại tiếp tục hoạt động cách mạng. Năm 1922, phỏng theo Quốc dân Đảng của Tôn Trung Sơn, ông cải tổ Việt Nam Quang phục Hội thành Việt Nam Quốc dân Đảng. Được Nguyễn Ái Quốc (lúc này đang làm Ủy viên Đông phương bộ, phụ trách Cục phương Nam của Quốc tế cộng sản) góp ý, Phan Bội Châu định thay đổi đường lối theo hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa, nhưng chưa kịp cải tổ thì ông bị bắt cóc ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 1925. Wikipedia, Phan Bội Châu. Vietnamese, noted 9.Theo Từ điển bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam và Từ điển văn học Việt Nam (bộ mới). Nhà xuất bản Thế giới, 2004, tr, 1378.
(17). Ra tù, Phan Bội Châu lại tiếp tục hoạt động cách mạng. Năm 1922, phỏng theo Quốc dân Đảng của Tôn Trung Sơn, ông cải tổ Việt Nam Quang phục Hội thành Việt Nam Quốc dân Đảng. Được Nguyễn Ái Quốc (lúc này đang làm Ủy viên Đông phương bộ, phụ trách Cục phương Nam của Quốc tế cộng sản) góp ý, Phan Bội Châu định thay đổi đường lối theo hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa, nhưng chưa kịp cải tổ thì ông bị bắt cóc ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 1925. Wikipedia, Phan Bội Châu. Vietnamese, noted 9.Theo Từ điển bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam và Từ điển văn học Việt Nam (bộ mới). Nhà xuất bản Thế giới, 2004, tr, 1378.
(18). Về mặt công khai, Người lấy tên là Lý
Thụy, làm cán bộ phiên dịch cho phái đoàn cố vấn của Chính phủ Liên Xô
đến giúp Chính phủ Quốc dân đảng Trung Quốc. Việc đầu tiên của Người là
bắt mối liên lạc với Tâm tâm xã và tổ chức yêu nước của cụ Phan Bội Châu
đang hoạt động ở Quảng Châu.
Lúc này cụ Phan bội Châu đã cải tổ Việt
Nam quang phục Hội thành Việt Nam quốc dân đảng. Nguyễn Ái Quốc viết thư
góp ý kiến với cụ Phan Bội Châu về đường lối và phương pháp cách mạng.
Cụ Phan tiếp thu những ý kiến đó, nhưng chưa kịp sửa chữa sai lầm của
mình thì cụ đã bị đế quốc Pháp bắt đưa về nước (1925).http://tennguoidepnhat.net/2012/01/13/ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di-sang-l%E1%BA%ADp-d%E1%BA%A3ng-c%E1%BB%99ng-s%E1%BA%A3n-vi%E1%BB%87t-nam/
Trích Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh tiểu sử và sự nghiệp, NXB Sự thật, 1987)
(19).Trần Dân Tiên, p.6
(19).Trần Dân Tiên, p.6
(20). Bác Hồ những năm tháng ở nước ngoài – UNESCO … Hà Nội
1999, tr. 96-98
Đặng Chí Hùng. Những sự thật không thể chối bỏ (phần 8) – Ai đã bán
đứng cụ Phan Bội Châu?(Dân Làm Báo)
(21). Uncle Hồ with Phan Bội Châu. Education Office, Hà Nam province. http://phuly.edu.vn/bacho/chuyen110.htm . Đặng Chí Hùng. Những sự thật không thể chối bỏ (phần 8) – Ai đã bán đứng cụ Phan Bội Châu?(Dân Làm Báo)
(22). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/victoryatanycost.htm. Đặng Chí Hùng. Những sự thật không thể chối bỏ (phần 8) – Ai đã bán đứng cụ Phan Bội Châu?. danlambaovn.blogspot.com
(21). Uncle Hồ with Phan Bội Châu. Education Office, Hà Nam province. http://phuly.edu.vn/bacho/chuyen110.htm . Đặng Chí Hùng. Những sự thật không thể chối bỏ (phần 8) – Ai đã bán đứng cụ Phan Bội Châu?(Dân Làm Báo)
(22). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/victoryatanycost.htm. Đặng Chí Hùng. Những sự thật không thể chối bỏ (phần 8) – Ai đã bán đứng cụ Phan Bội Châu?. danlambaovn.blogspot.com
(23). Minh Võ. Hồ Chí Minh-Nhận Định Tổng Quát, chương 45); Duiker. Ho Chi Minh, a Life – , p. 222.Đặng Chí Hùng. Những sự thật không thể chối bỏ (phần 8) – Ai đã bán đứng cụ Phan Bội Châu?. danlambaovn.blogspot.com
(24). Trần Dân Tiên. 39.
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