CHAPTER VI
In the
previous chapters, we denounced that Nguyễn Tất Thành robbed Phan Chu Trinh,
Phan Văn Trường. Nguyễn Thế Truyền
of their alias Nguyễn Ái Quốc, and Hồ Học Lãm of alias Hồ Chí Minh. From
this chapter, we called him Hồ Chí Minh, the President (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
although he was Nguyễn Tất Thành or Hồ Tập Chương.
After
the collapse of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the late XXth century, Vietnamese communists thought that the idol of
Marx and Lenin also collapsed. They wanted to build a new idol. The new idol they needed was Hồ Chí Minh.The Vietnamese Communist
Party launched the movement of “ Studying and Following the
Morality of Hồ Chí Minh" (Học tập và làm
theo tấm gương đạo đức Hồ Chí Minh) which began from February 3, 2007 to February 3,2011, in order to celebrate Hồ Chí Minh's Thoughts and Morality (1) .
Although following the Materialism , the Communists also focused on thoughts, and Mental activities,
consequently, the communist leaders had to try to be the thinkers, the
theorists of the communist party. Indeed, every body like the fame including
the communists. Nguyễn Tất Thành robbed Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trưòng of
their alias "Nguyễn Ái Quốc" because he liked the fame of the doctors
of literature, the fame of the intellectuals although he was only a worker.
When he came back Vietnam in 1945, he also tried to be a thinker, a writer and
a poet.
When
he died, Vietnamese communists appraised him: "
Ho Chi Minh was not only the founder of Vietnamese communism, he
was the very soul of the revolution and of Vietnam's struggle for independence.
His personal qualities of simplicity, integrity, and determination were widely
admired, not only within Vietnam but elsewhere as well".
(2).Wikipedia wrote of Hồ Chí Minh's Thought:"
Ho Chi Minh Thought (Vietnamese: Tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh “Thoughts of Ho Chi Minh”) is the political philosophy of the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP).
Since 1991, it has appeared coequally with Marxism-Leninism as integral to the curriculum of fundamental instruction for civil servants in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh Thought is an ideology that adapts Marxism–Leninism to the specific social, political, and economic conditions of the Vietnamese people, by Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The tenets of Ho Chi Minh Thought are primarily constructed from the political statements and attitudes of Ho Chi Minh.(3)
(2).Wikipedia wrote of Hồ Chí Minh's Thought:"
Ho Chi Minh Thought (Vietnamese: Tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh “Thoughts of Ho Chi Minh”) is the political philosophy of the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP).
Since 1991, it has appeared coequally with Marxism-Leninism as integral to the curriculum of fundamental instruction for civil servants in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh Thought is an ideology that adapts Marxism–Leninism to the specific social, political, and economic conditions of the Vietnamese people, by Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The tenets of Ho Chi Minh Thought are primarily constructed from the political statements and attitudes of Ho Chi Minh.(3)
What was Hồ Chí Minh? There are many
ideas.
According to Time magazine, “Communist
propaganda elevates Ho to the status of sage, national hero, saint. He has
become the Strategist, the Theoretician, the Thinker, the Statesman, the Man of
Culture, the Diplomat, the Poet, and the Philosopher. All these names are
accompanied with adjectives like "legendary" and "unparalleled."
He has become Ho the Luminary, Ho the Visionary. Peasants in the South build
shrines to him. In the North old women bow before his altar, asking miracles
for their suffering children.”(4)
By the fall of the Communism, Vietnamese Communist Party
changed communism into a new religion and Hồ was its God despite in the last
century, Marx criticized that "Religion is the opium of the people."
William J. Duiker wrote:
The cult has today been
institutionalized, and “Ho Chi Minh thought” has been taught officially in
schools since 1997. It was meant to replace the Marxist-Leninist doctrine that
fell out of favor after the disintegration of the socialist camp, since
communist ideology has now become “localized” or has simply given way to a
pragmatism in search of a new doctrinal reference point.(5)
According
to Sophie Quinn Judge, Ho Chi
Minh (Ho the Most Enlightened) (1890–1969) became a world figure after the
Second World War, during Vietnam’s long struggle for independence from France.
Th e first president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV), which
declared its independence in September 1945, Ho attained his greatest renown in
the 1960s, during the DRV’s war against the United States for control of
southern Vietnam. (6)
Deception was one of the weapons of the communists. Vladimir Lenin said:" We would be deceiving both ourselves and the people if we
concealed from the masses the necessity of a desperate, bloody war of
extermination, as the immediate task of the coming revolutionary action"
(7).
Aleksandr
Solzhenitsyn said:"Any man who has once proclaimed violence as his method is
inevitably forced to take the lie as his principle.(8)
Because
the Communists always told lie and covered many masks on their faces, we had to
present the truth and unmasked them. If we believed totally in the communist documents or their
words, we would be men without head and heart.
I. HỒ CHÍ MINH, A
COMMUNIST
After
1920, Nguyễn Tất Thành engaged in the communist affairs, he became a communist,
working for the Comintern. The most important thing of the Communism is to deny
the Nationalism. Karl Mark wrote "Workers
have no fatherland." (9).
And
Lenin said: I don’t care what becomes of Russia. To hell with it. All this is
only the road to a World Revolution.(10)
Hồ Chí Minh evaluated Lenin:
"How
much Lenin's thesis makes me emotional, excited, and clear! I'm glad to
tears. Sitting alone in my room, I said out loud as talking before crowds:
"O my people, being enslaved is
very painful! These are necessary for us, this is the way to liberate us"
(11).
Hô
chí Minh was a loyal student to Marxism. Bernard
Fall is right when he wrote of Hồ Chí Minh: "Deeds"
are the keynote of the Hồ Chí Minh's life.. . Hồ Chí Minh was a doer, not a
profound thinker in the field of political philosophy. His genius is revealed
in his deeds, in his ability to organizer and administer the difficult Vietnam society with a combination
gentleness and ruthless brutality.
He is a very consistent person with respect to his political objectives, he has not wavered in his purposes as the decades have passed. He subcribed to Marxist Leninist revolutionary concepts as a boy and has never seen any reason for revising this basic for political action . It has served him well.(12)
He is a very consistent person with respect to his political objectives, he has not wavered in his purposes as the decades have passed. He subcribed to Marxist Leninist revolutionary concepts as a boy and has never seen any reason for revising this basic for political action . It has served him well.(12)
II. HỒ CHÍ MINH WAS NOT A NATIONALIST OR A DEMOCRAT
Ho
Chí Minh 's loyalty was based on three reasons:
-Nationalism
is a serious crime towards the communism. Therefore, wanting to kill Hồ Chí
Minh, Hà Huy Tập accused Hồ of nationalism.
-Hồ could not violate Marxism, because he was controlled by Communist International Group beside him.
-Hồ could not violate Marxism, because he was controlled by Communist International Group beside him.
-Hồ
wanted to be a naive student, having no idea against his teachers.
Hồ
Chí Minh was employed by the Comintern, consequently, he must followed trickly
the Comintern Charter, if not, he woul be expelled from the party.
The
most important articles of the comintern charters are the followings:
1. All propaganda and agitation must bear a really communist
character and correspond to the programme and decisions of the Communist
International. All the party’s press organs must be run by reliable communists
who have proved their devotion to the cause of the proletariat.
The dictatorship of the proletariat must not be treated simply as a current formula learnt off by heart. Propaganda for it must be carried out in such a way that its necessity is comprehensible to every simple worker, every woman worker, every soldier and peasant from the facts of their daily lives, which must be observed systematically by our press and used day by day.
The dictatorship of the proletariat must not be treated simply as a current formula learnt off by heart. Propaganda for it must be carried out in such a way that its necessity is comprehensible to every simple worker, every woman worker, every soldier and peasant from the facts of their daily lives, which must be observed systematically by our press and used day by day.
15. Parties that have still retained their old social
democratic programes have the obligation of changing those programes as quickly as possible and working out a new communist
programe corresponding to the particular conditions in the country and in
accordance with the decisions of the Communist International.
As a rule the program of every party belonging to the Communist International must be ratified by a regular Congress of the Communist International or by the Executive Committee. Should the Executive Committee of the Communist International reject a party’s program, the party in question has the right of appeal to the Congress of the Communist International.
16. All decisions of the Congresses of the Communist International and decisions of its Executive Committee are binding on all parties belonging to the Communist International. The Communist International, acting under conditions of the most acute civil war, must be built in a far more centralist manner than was the case with the Second International.
In the process the Communist International and its Executive Committee must, of course, in the whole of its activity, take into account the differing conditions under which the individual parties have to fight and work, and only take generally binding decisions in cases where such decisions are possible.
17. In this connection all those parties that wish to belong to the Communist International must change their names. Every party that wishes to belong to the Communist International must bear the name Communist Party of this or that country (Section of the Communist International). The question of the name is not formal, but a highly political question of great importance.
The Communist International has declared war on the whole bourgeois world and on all yellow social-democratic parties. The difference between the communist parties and the old official ‘social-democratic’ or ‘socialist’ parties that have betrayed the banner of the working class must be clear to every simple toiler. (13)
As a rule the program of every party belonging to the Communist International must be ratified by a regular Congress of the Communist International or by the Executive Committee. Should the Executive Committee of the Communist International reject a party’s program, the party in question has the right of appeal to the Congress of the Communist International.
16. All decisions of the Congresses of the Communist International and decisions of its Executive Committee are binding on all parties belonging to the Communist International. The Communist International, acting under conditions of the most acute civil war, must be built in a far more centralist manner than was the case with the Second International.
In the process the Communist International and its Executive Committee must, of course, in the whole of its activity, take into account the differing conditions under which the individual parties have to fight and work, and only take generally binding decisions in cases where such decisions are possible.
17. In this connection all those parties that wish to belong to the Communist International must change their names. Every party that wishes to belong to the Communist International must bear the name Communist Party of this or that country (Section of the Communist International). The question of the name is not formal, but a highly political question of great importance.
The Communist International has declared war on the whole bourgeois world and on all yellow social-democratic parties. The difference between the communist parties and the old official ‘social-democratic’ or ‘socialist’ parties that have betrayed the banner of the working class must be clear to every simple toiler. (13)
The
Comintern Charpter fixed Hồ Chí Minh 's thoughts and activities. Following Comintern, Hồ
Chí Minh became a loyal servant to his master.
In the congress in February of 1951, Hồ Chí Minh expressed his
absolute loyalty to the Communism by his declaration:
On the field of theory, Vietnamese Communist Party
had to follow Marxism, Leninism and Maoism." And he said:" I have no thought, my thoughts were Marxism and
Leninism."(14)
Indeed,
Hồ Chí Minh was not a thinker, and a prominent writer. Before involving in the
Comintern, Nguyễn Ái Quốc was not a nationalist. He went to the French in
order
to save himself and his family, not to save his country. He wanted to be a
lackey of the French when he sent the letter to the French authorities asking
for his study at the Colonial School!He did not want his father struggled
against the French when he begged the French for restoring his father's
position. He and his family were not the revolutionists because his father, his
sister and his brother were the servants of the French colonialists.
William
Duiker and Brocheux called Hồ Chí Minh “half Lenin and half Gandhi" (15). How they could compare Hồ Chí Minh to Gandhi! Gandhi was a saint, who advocated nonviolence when Hồ and his comrades" openly
declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all
existing social conditions
"(16).
Following Marx, practicing " class struggle", and "proletarian dictatorship", Ho Chí Minh committed genocide in the Vietnam war, as the Ôn Như Hầu Massacre (1946), the Land Reform (1954), and Mậu Thân Offensive (1968).
Moreover, Duiker knew that Hồ Chí Minh did not accept Gandhi 's nonviolence . In his book, Duiker cited the conversation between Nguyễn Thượng Huyền and him:
In the Spring of 1925, Huyền sent Quốc a copy of
article on revolution that he had recently written for possible for publication and asked for his comments. In the essay, Huyền found origins of the revolutionary concept in the Chinese classic The Book of Changer when it was implied that revolution is the equivalent dynastic change. He thereupon concluded that the struggle against the colonial regime could best be failed because of French brutality and that independence could best be achieved with means of nonviolent tactics similar to the boycott movement adopted by Mahatma Ganghi in British India.
In his reply, Nguyễn Ái Quốc expressed his skepticism about the Chinese origins of the concept (Quốc saw the sources of the revolution in western culture) and offered his own definition which contrasted to revolution and reform.Reform Quốc pointed out involved change brought about in institution of a particular country. Where or not reform is accompanied by violence, some of the original order always remains. The revolution, on the other hand, entirely supplants one system with another. Dynastic change is thus not equivalent to revolution since the victors retained the monarchical system.
As for Gandhi, Quốc added, the Indian spiritual leader was clearly a reformer rather than a revolutionary since he demanded that the British reform Indian institutions but did not arouse the Hindu to revolt as a mean of recovering their independence, nor did he demanded that the British carry out comprehensive change in the Indien government. Only after the British rejected his demands, Quốc noted, did Gandhi call for a boycott. (17)
Following Marx, practicing " class struggle", and "proletarian dictatorship", Ho Chí Minh committed genocide in the Vietnam war, as the Ôn Như Hầu Massacre (1946), the Land Reform (1954), and Mậu Thân Offensive (1968).
Moreover, Duiker knew that Hồ Chí Minh did not accept Gandhi 's nonviolence . In his book, Duiker cited the conversation between Nguyễn Thượng Huyền and him:
In the Spring of 1925, Huyền sent Quốc a copy of
article on revolution that he had recently written for possible for publication and asked for his comments. In the essay, Huyền found origins of the revolutionary concept in the Chinese classic The Book of Changer when it was implied that revolution is the equivalent dynastic change. He thereupon concluded that the struggle against the colonial regime could best be failed because of French brutality and that independence could best be achieved with means of nonviolent tactics similar to the boycott movement adopted by Mahatma Ganghi in British India.
In his reply, Nguyễn Ái Quốc expressed his skepticism about the Chinese origins of the concept (Quốc saw the sources of the revolution in western culture) and offered his own definition which contrasted to revolution and reform.Reform Quốc pointed out involved change brought about in institution of a particular country. Where or not reform is accompanied by violence, some of the original order always remains. The revolution, on the other hand, entirely supplants one system with another. Dynastic change is thus not equivalent to revolution since the victors retained the monarchical system.
As for Gandhi, Quốc added, the Indian spiritual leader was clearly a reformer rather than a revolutionary since he demanded that the British reform Indian institutions but did not arouse the Hindu to revolt as a mean of recovering their independence, nor did he demanded that the British carry out comprehensive change in the Indien government. Only after the British rejected his demands, Quốc noted, did Gandhi call for a boycott. (17)
Nobody could compare Hồ Chí Minh with Tito, and Washington. While Tito struggled against Stalin, Ho
absolutely obeyed his master. When Washington followed capitalism, and he turned the USA into a wealthy country, when Hô communism, and a slave of
USSR and China.
According
to Brocheux, “Ho was also steeped in the perennial
Sino-Vietnamese philosophy that blended Confucianism . . . with Buddhism and
Taoism. In sum, Ho retained his original education and then closely linked it
with Leninist theory, which essentially defines the strategy and tactics of
revolution and the taking of political power” (pp. 185–186). (18)
The
aim of the Communism is to break with the traditional relations; and traditional ideas.(19)
Following
the Communism, like Mao tse tung, Hồ Chí Minh also criticized Confucianism,
Buddhism and Taoism, and considered these religions as opium. He forbade or
obstructed the worship in Vietnam, and destroyed a number of the religious establishments.
Sometimes, he mentioned Confucius' sayings, but not Buddha and Lao tsu, because he did not find any ideas in Marxism. Moreover, in the land of Confucian culture, the quotation of Confucianism is necessary. His sayings were only the performance of an artist on the stage not love of traditional philosophy. In sum, Ho wanted to destroy Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and he never had the idea to link them with Leninist theory.
Hồ Chí Minh was not a nationalist and democrat because he was a communist. Like Lenin, Stalin,, Hồ also said of freedom, democracy, and like Mao Tsetung, Hồ declared love of country, and love of people but what they said or wrote were deceitful. Communists always practiced the malicious way:" hanging the goat head but selling the dog meat".
Hồ Chí Minh was a communist but Stalin, Trần Phú, Hà Huy Tập accussed him of nationalist. Why?
There are many reasons.
-Firstly, the Second International was broken by the Nationalism at that time. As a result, Stalin hated the nationalists.
-Hồ Chí Minh became famous by the name Nguyễn Ái Quốc and by the revolutionary works by Nguyễn Thế Truyền, Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trường. Unfortunately, those works contained the spirit of nationalism, therefore in the Commintern , it became an obstacle for him.
-In the Comintern, the ideas of "peasants" and "colonies" were very new, somehow they were contrary to Marx, (Although the workers were still seen in classic Marxist terms as the leading force of revolution, it was now acceptable to revise Marx's injunction and to call " Peasants and Workers of the World to unite. ...
In spite of the Comintern's increasing attention to the peasantry when Hồ Chí MInh arrived in Moscow in July 1923, his report on anti-imperialist activities in France was highly critical at the organization. (Sophie Quinn Judge, The Missing Years, 51, 45)
In the dark forest, there are a lot of traps, we must realize what is wrong and what is right, what is real and what is false. If not, we will mislead. Hồ Chí Minh used the words" freedom", "democracy", "love country" to deceive people. He knew that Vietnamese people hated communism, but loved their country. In deed, Communist won victory onlyhe used the mark of nationalism and democrat to cover his real face, a face of communist:
Sometimes, he mentioned Confucius' sayings, but not Buddha and Lao tsu, because he did not find any ideas in Marxism. Moreover, in the land of Confucian culture, the quotation of Confucianism is necessary. His sayings were only the performance of an artist on the stage not love of traditional philosophy. In sum, Ho wanted to destroy Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and he never had the idea to link them with Leninist theory.
Hồ Chí Minh was not a nationalist and democrat because he was a communist. Like Lenin, Stalin,, Hồ also said of freedom, democracy, and like Mao Tsetung, Hồ declared love of country, and love of people but what they said or wrote were deceitful. Communists always practiced the malicious way:" hanging the goat head but selling the dog meat".
Hồ Chí Minh was a communist but Stalin, Trần Phú, Hà Huy Tập accussed him of nationalist. Why?
There are many reasons.
-Firstly, the Second International was broken by the Nationalism at that time. As a result, Stalin hated the nationalists.
-Hồ Chí Minh became famous by the name Nguyễn Ái Quốc and by the revolutionary works by Nguyễn Thế Truyền, Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trường. Unfortunately, those works contained the spirit of nationalism, therefore in the Commintern , it became an obstacle for him.
-In the Comintern, the ideas of "peasants" and "colonies" were very new, somehow they were contrary to Marx, (Although the workers were still seen in classic Marxist terms as the leading force of revolution, it was now acceptable to revise Marx's injunction and to call " Peasants and Workers of the World to unite. ...
In spite of the Comintern's increasing attention to the peasantry when Hồ Chí MInh arrived in Moscow in July 1923, his report on anti-imperialist activities in France was highly critical at the organization. (Sophie Quinn Judge, The Missing Years, 51, 45)
In the dark forest, there are a lot of traps, we must realize what is wrong and what is right, what is real and what is false. If not, we will mislead. Hồ Chí Minh used the words" freedom", "democracy", "love country" to deceive people. He knew that Vietnamese people hated communism, but loved their country. In deed, Communist won victory onlyhe used the mark of nationalism and democrat to cover his real face, a face of communist:
-
When he went to China, he did not use the name " Nguyễn Ái
Quốc", name of a communist.
-
In 1945, he labeled Vietnam as the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, but after 1975, his men renamed "Socialist
Republic of Vietnam".
-In 1945, Ho Chi Minh utilized the banner of national
liberation, but after 1954, with the Điện Biên Phủ victory, he put off his mask
of a nationalist and a democrat. He went to Moscow to get
the order of Stalin and Mao, and when he came back Vietnam, he carried out
the " Land Reform program" in which more than 100,000
perceived "class enemies" were executed. Some estimates range from
200,000 to 900,000 deaths from executions, camps, and famine. Torture was used
on a wide scale. Land Reform and Collective farms and collective firms are the
products of communism. What was Ho Chi Minh? Was he a saint or a
ghost? Was he a nationalist?
III. HỒ CHÍ MINH WAS NOT A THINKER OR A THEORIST. HE WAS A PROFESSIONAL PLAGIARIST.
Nobody
could find his name in the Marxists Archive. William
Duiker said of Hồ Chí Minh: “Hồ Chí
Minh is just a tactician and no more”.(20)
Duiker also said: "Difficult to categorize, Ho Chi Minh has not been granted the
intellectual depth of a political thinker, the creative genius of a writer, or
the skill of a military strategist. (21)
Mao followed communism, he worshiped
Marx, Lenin, Stalin but he corrected Marx when he placed the peasantry within
the vanguard of the revolution, the proletariat led by the Communist Party.
Mao was a thinker, but Hồ was a loyal follower of Mao. When comparing Hồ and
Mao, Beresford wrote:
"Ho Chi Minh was a party tactician and strategist not a
theoretician and Mao Tse-tung is credited with developing the
revolutionary peasant theories into Maoism".(22)
Ho was a professional plagiarist .
-Hồ robbed Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trường, Nguyễn Thế Truyền alias Nguyễn Ái Quốc and their works .
-
According to Prof. Lê Hữu Mục, Diary of Prison by a Chinese not
by Hồ
Chí Minh.
-According to Vũ Thư Hiên,
Sửa Đổi Lề Lối Làm Việc (The Working Amendment) by Hồ Chí Minh
was a copy of Chỉnh đốn văn phong ( Reorganization of Attitude) by
Mao tsetung and Sự tu dưỡng của người đảng viên Cộng
Sản
( The Cultivation of the
Communist) by Líu shào qí (23)
-On
August 19, 1945, at a spontaneous non-communist meeting in Hanoi, Ho and his
men stole the leading role to seize power and on September 2, he delivered his
Declaration of Independence.The irony of this declaration was its repeat of
what King Bao-Dai had declared earlier. In the declaration , Ho Chi Minh
plagiarized a famous statement from the Declaration of Independence of the USA:
"All men are created equal." Under his regime's title "Democratic
Republic of Vietnam" is the motto - still remaining today -
"Independence - Freedom - Happiness," which was again plagiarized
from the Sun Yatsen's "Three-People Doctrine."
-Ho copied the ideas of
Cufucianists without citing its origin..
Ho plagiarized the ideas of Kanji (725 - 645BC) when
he said " Ten years of planting trees".
He also plagiarized the ideas of Mèng Zǐ ( 372–289BC ) when he wrote:
"The benefit of the
people is first of all, second to national interests, and the interests of the
king is not significant."
IV. WAS HỒ CHÍ MINH A
TOWERING LEADER IN THE COMMUNIST WORLD?
Despite Hồ Chí Minh promoted himself, and his men valuated
him as a towering leader in the communist world, many documents proved the
opposite.
1. When and how Hồ Chí Minh came to Moscow and what he did there?
Hồ said that when he came to USSR, Lenin ( 22 April 1870 - 21
Junuary,1924) just died . (Trần Dân Tiên, p.32). If Hồ Chí Minh
said the truth, he came to USSR about 23 January 1924. But according to History
of the Vietnamese Communist Party, Hồ came to Moscow to attend the Fifth
Comintern Congress, but the Congress was postponed because Lenin was sick. I * ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN * LỊCH SỬ ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN
Did Hồ come to Moscow before or after the Lenin's
death? Why did he forget such an important event? Hồ also told that he came to
USSR without paper (Trần Dân Tiên, 32).
According to Sophie Quinn Judge, Hồ reached Petrograde ( now
once again St. Petersburg) by ship on 30 June from the North Sea Port of
Hamburg. In Berlin, the Comintern network had provided him with a Russian
travel document in the name of Chen Vang. He was coming to Russia at a time
when the first revolutionary illusions of the Bolchevik leaders has
passed ( Hồ Chí Minh, The
Missing Years, 43)
History of the Vietnamese Communist Party also said that
after finishing a short class at the Far East University or Stalin School,
he was accepted as a cadre of the Far East of International Communist.
Wikipedia wrote: " In 1923, Nguyễn (Ho) left Paris for
Moscow, where he was employed by the Comintern, studied at
the Communist University of the Toilers of the East,
and participated in the Fifth Comintern Congress in June 1924". Wikipedia
also presented a lot of its Prominent alumni :
- Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China, 1925 class
- Liu Shaoqi, President of the People's Republic of China, 1921 class
- Deng Xiaoping, paramount leader of the People's Republic of China, 1925 class.
- Hồ Chí Minh, President of Vietnam, 1923 class
- Trần Phú, first General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
- Lê Hồng Phong, second General Secretary of the CPV.
- Hà Huy Tập, third General Secretary of the CPV. (24)
In another article, Ho Chi Minh's activities in the
period 1911-1941, Wikipedia also certified that June 1923, [14] Nguyen Ai
Quoc to Moscow
to study at the University of the East of the Communist International [15] . At the 5th
Congress of the Communist International he was appointed commissioner of the
Board of the East, in charge of the Department of the South [16] .But note 16
told a truth:
In a letter sent from
Moscow to BBC, Mr. Nguyễn Hưng Đạt wrote that Mr. Nguyễn Ái Quốc
has never been the Southern Department of the Communist International III
as the People Newspaper dated September 5, 1969 stated, and that department was
not never created in the Soviet Union and nobody could find this name in the
Federal archives, including the Communist International document on the Second
and Third International"vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoạt_động_của_Hồ_Chí_M...
According to Sophie Quinn Jude at the Fourth Congress in December
1922, a report revealed that the Eastern Sector 's followed no plan and
was 'completely unsystematic' Again a reorganization was decreed.A single , all
embracing structure was created, again called the Eastern Section (otdel) with
Karl Radek named as its head in May 1923. His deputy was Grigory Voitinsky.
Three divisions were created within the Eastern Section: the Near Eastern Section, composed of Turkey, Egypt, Seria, Plestine,
Morocco, Tunisia,Algeria and Persia;the Middle Eastern Section, including British India, Indochina and Indonesia; and the
Far Eastern Section of Japan, Korea, China and Mongolia (The Missing Years, 62)
Thus, the Southern Department of the Communist International
III did not exist in the world!
Although Hồ attended a short class at a school or an
university in Moscow, actually, he was not an university student, he was only
an unfinished elementary school boy for good. Moreover, the Communist
University of the Toilers of the East also known as the Far East University or Stalin School, was established in 1921 in Moscow by the
Communist International as a training college, or a center for communist cadres
in the colonial world.
It was not a regular University as Harvard University, MIT,University of Cambridge which required every student must have a baccalaureate. Trần Phú, Lê Hồng Phong, Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai did not finish their elementary or high school education. According to Sophie Quinn Judge,
" the University of the Toilers of the East also known as the Stalin School, in Moscow became a forum for exchanging information and ideas. But with the exception of Hồ, the Vietnamese did not have this opportunity before 1925 or 1926, when the first Indochinese student , sent from Paris, were formally enrolled.
Founded in 1921 to train communist cadres, the University by 1924 was educating Asians from within the borders of the Soviet state and growing numbers of foreigners. An enrolment list of East and Southeast Asians for that year showed sixty -seven Koreans, 109 Chinese, six Malays,or Indonesians, and sixteen Mongolians.
There is no formal record of Hồ Chí Minh having studied there before 1936, although the Rusian writer Yevgeny Kobelev cites a 15 March 1924 interview with Hồ from the Italian communist newspaper L' Unità, in which Hồ describes his studies at the University. Mr. Roy also claims that Hồ studied at the school. As Hồ 's first formal attachment in Moscow was to Krestintern, it is possible that he received some sort of training in peasant organizing during his first stay there (The Missing Years, 54-55).
It was not a regular University as Harvard University, MIT,University of Cambridge which required every student must have a baccalaureate. Trần Phú, Lê Hồng Phong, Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai did not finish their elementary or high school education. According to Sophie Quinn Judge,
" the University of the Toilers of the East also known as the Stalin School, in Moscow became a forum for exchanging information and ideas. But with the exception of Hồ, the Vietnamese did not have this opportunity before 1925 or 1926, when the first Indochinese student , sent from Paris, were formally enrolled.
Founded in 1921 to train communist cadres, the University by 1924 was educating Asians from within the borders of the Soviet state and growing numbers of foreigners. An enrolment list of East and Southeast Asians for that year showed sixty -seven Koreans, 109 Chinese, six Malays,or Indonesians, and sixteen Mongolians.
There is no formal record of Hồ Chí Minh having studied there before 1936, although the Rusian writer Yevgeny Kobelev cites a 15 March 1924 interview with Hồ from the Italian communist newspaper L' Unità, in which Hồ describes his studies at the University. Mr. Roy also claims that Hồ studied at the school. As Hồ 's first formal attachment in Moscow was to Krestintern, it is possible that he received some sort of training in peasant organizing during his first stay there (The Missing Years, 54-55).
Hô claimed in Vietnam,
he studied at Quốc Học; in Soviet state, Hồ also claimed that he studied at the
University of the Toilers of the East. What Hô claimed were not true.
2. In the Comintern, Hồ Chí Minh was only an employee, a simple
employee.
The " Complete Document of Vietnamese Commnist Party"
published by Sự Thật, vol. I, proved that Hồ Chí Minh was a simlpe employee of
Commitern, maybe he was a spy, so he must obeyd the order of the
Comintern.
In November, 1927, after he was involved in a secret work in Paris following the order of
Communist International, he came back to Berlin. Then the Communist International ordered him to go to
Bruxelles...
3. President Hồ under the eyes of Stalin and Mao Tse
Tung:
According to Đặng Chí Hùng, in a book
entiled
" Our Theory" published in East
Germany in 1981, p.93, A. Schenalder, a German communist, touched upon Hồ Chí Minh:
The true communist did not rated the ideal
nationalism of Hồ Chí Minh. Many leaders as Stalin realized that Hồ Chí Minh
focused on personal interests and
nationalism.
( Đặng Chí Hùng, Những sự thật không thể chối
bỏ. Phần 11. HCM, LXII)
Vietnamese communist party said that
in 1923, Nguyễn Ái Quốc went to USSR and was respected by the Russians
but the reality actually has
proved the contrary. Hoàng Tùng wrote in his Memoir:
After the attack of Chiang Kai-shek, Hồ went
to the Soviet Union. Before that time, Uncle Hồ was in charge of
the Department of the Southeast Asia. He participated in the Fifth
Comintern Congress in June 1924, but not elected to the Executive
Committee. At that time, by his behavior, the Soviet leaders judged that he was
not eligible for the communism. The Russians did not give him any official
position in international organizations. He want come back but they did not
give him money. He might ask his friends for travel expense.HOÀNG TÙNG * HỒI KÝ
Wikipedia wrote about the relationship between Mao Tsetung
and Hồ in 1949-1950:The occasion of the Lunar
New Year of the Tiger in 1950, he made a secret trip to China, the Soviet
Union. On 2-1-1950, he and Tran Dang Ninh , from Tuyen Quang walk to Chongqing
- Cao Bang, then continue Long Chau, Guangxi. At this point, Ho Chi Minh
getting in touch with the Chinese Communist Party. Office of the Chinese
Communist Party Central Committee has arranged bus transportation union
Nanning, from there take the train to Beijing. He worked in Beijing for a week,
then the same Tran Dang Ninh train transport to the Soviet Union. Secret trip, he
was successful in both the political and diplomatic aspects, which is the
historic trip as a precondition for the establishment of diplomatic relations
between Vietnam and the Soviet Union, between Vietnam and China China and other
socialist countries.(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh)
Hứa Hoành gave us more details of Hồ' s travel: In
1949, Mao Zedong was the Chairman of the People's Republic of China, and Mr. Ho
was also president of Vietnam. When Ho with a
delegation had to walk through the jungle to the border to
ask for aid, the Chinese government used a truck to transport them to
Guangxi, without focusing on the protocol.(25)
Hứa Hoành had this
document by hearing Mr. Lê Phát, a member of this delegation, and by
reading " Memoires Inedites" by Nikita Khroushchev, published by Pierre Belfontin Paris. Nikita Khroushchev
recited this event:
"I remembered that Ho Chi Minh has to go
to Moscow to ask for material aid and weapons to fight the French. Stalin did
not believe in victory in the Vietnam war. As a result, he disdained Hô Chí
Minh. I realized that Stalin had no sympathy with a
communist as Hồ Chí Minh. . . I remembered an event that
could offend Hồ.. Hồ wanted Stalin welcome him as a president of Vietnam
Democratic Republic, but Stalin refused, and answered him:
"the opportunity was gone. You go to Moscow silently, so we can not inform
your arrival to our people. "...Hồ
asked Stalin to give him an air plane for his landing, and prepare for him a
speech to welcome him. But Stalin also refused. Every time, Stalin told
us this story and he laughed merrily (26).
Nikita Khrushchev continued his story: "During
the conversation, Ho Chi Minh always sticked his eyes on Stalin with a strange
look, only Hồ had such a look. His look demonstrated a naivety and wildness. I saw that look when Hồ
found a Russian newspaper maybe "The Soviet Union in Building ", in
his document, he begged Stalin for his signature and some lines for
souvenir.
"Hồ seemed delighted with the thought of
returning to Vietnam with Stalin 's signature so he could brag with
his men. Stalin wrote his dedication, but then he ordered his cadets to steal
this newspaper because he was afraid that Hồ could abuse his reputation.
"
(26)
Hồ Chí Minh was very good in the art of propaganda, and the art of boast. In 1945, he also practiced the trick of" the fox borrows the tiger's dread" when he asked the Americans for gun and for taking a photograph. As a result, many Vietnamese believed that Vietnamese Communists were supported by the USA.
According to Nguyễn Đăng Mạnh, everybody in the Communist world
worshiped Stalin and Mao Tsetung but nobody listened to Ho Chi Minh, Stalin
never considered Hồ Chí Minh as a true communist. Phạm Văn Đồng said with Hoàng
Tuệ (when they stayed in USSR) that in 1950, Stalin called Hồ for a meeting. Stalin
did not call him comrade (tavarich).( Nguyển Đăng Mạnh, HCM,XLV);
In his Memoir, Hoàng Tùng wrote: When Hồ Chí Minh lived in USSR in 1934-1938, he
only worked for the Department of Colony, but he did not have a precise
job. He had not the permission to register in the University. He asked for
writing a Kandidat nauk
thesis, but he did not
receive any answer."...Because the relationship between the USSR and China
had problem, so when the government of Viet nam was found, the USSR and China
did not recognize it. HỒI KÝ,
Hoàng Tùng also said of the period of factional struggle in
the Vietnamese communists.
Hà Huy Tập accused Hồ of his nationalism. In the zone IV, everybody divided
although they were the major communists as Nguyễn Sơn, Hoàng Văn Hoan, Hồ Tùng Mậu,
Trần Hữu Dực. .. Hoàng Văn Hoan was the worst man. ...The internal situation seemed to be good, excepted some cases
such as Trần Văn Giàu, Phi Vân. I asked Phi Vân about Hồ Chí Minh, he
replied:" He thinks he is a very important person, but he is nothing. He
is a nationalist, and his theoretical level is very bad."
All his life, despite he was Nguyễn Tất Thành or Hồ Tập Chương, Hồ
Chí Minh was a liar. According to Nguyễn Minh Cần, the Soviet Nghệ Tịnh
was trick of Nguyễn Tất Thành. Nobody had the order of the Communist
leaders, no place seized the power. It was only a small rebel in some
places in Nghê An but Nguyễn Tất Thành exaggerated this event in order to promote
himself.
(HCM,. LXIII * NGUYỄN MINH CẦN *ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN
(HCM,. LXIII * NGUYỄN MINH CẦN *ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN
In a word, Stalin and Mao Tse tung did not like Ho Chí Minh.
In the Comintern, Hồ Chí Minh was not valuable, and in Vietnam, Hồ was criticized by Trần Phú and Hà Huy Tập, and
Hồ also had no value in the eyes of his comrades.
Hồ Chí Minh, The Missing
Years by Sophie Quinn Judge
was an important book. She gave
us many details of Hồ 's journey in the USSR about 1923.
-Hồ was a member of the French communist party, he came to
Russia by the help of this party. (French communists seem to assume that the Vietnamese Communists
would look for direction to the French party's Colonial Commission, in spite of
the fact that it worked in a half- hearted way. ...In
the end, Hồ's Comintern-sponsored returned to Asia became possible as a
result of and within the framework of the Russian mission to
Republican China. To all appearances, when he arrived in Moscow,Hồ was
still speaking as representative of the Intercolonial Union in Paris
and may have composed his report jointly with with his coleagues there (The Missing Years, 51, 54)
-About 1923, the Russian party and state were at this very moment
implementing Lenin's These on National and Colonial Questions by helping
create a united front entirely from above between the Nationalists
in the Guomindang and the CCP. After the Fifth Comintern Congress in June
1924, a concrete recommendation would be made to send Hồ to Canton
working beside Guomingdang (The Missing Years, 46-61)
- The leaders of Comintern
did not pay attention to Vietnam while China 's republican were being courted by Russian
diplomats and special envoys, the more distant colonies of France had
clearly not attracted Russia's interest (The Missing Years, 51).
- unlike Roy and some of the other Asians involved
in Comintern work in 1924, Hồ did not yet represent an Asian communist
party. .. Moreover, at that time,
Vietnamese communists without their own communist party, remained in an
ambiguous position, with several directions in which they could look for
guidance (The Missing Years, 54, 67)
-In Russia, Hồ did not have any privilege. He requested a buget of 100 US dollars per month
to cover local travel, correspondance, subscripbtion, food and lodging; in
aditon he asked for the money for his voyage from Russia to China (The Missing Years,46)
-In a note to Mr. Petrov, head of the Eastern Section, Hô complained about the rent he was being asked to pay for what he
considered inferior accomodation in the overcrowed Hotel Lux."During the month of
December, January and Fubruary " he wrote, I was in room 176, where
there were always four or five lodgers. In the daytime, the noise was
continual, which prevented me from working. At night I was eaten by bedbugs,
which prevented me from getting any rest. Since March, he had been housed in a small singe room,he said,comparing the restricted space and very basic
furniture in my room with the other large rooms more confortable, with several
lamps, telephone, bathroom, wardrobe, sofa etc, and with a reasonable rent,the
price which they want me to pay is scandalous.
The tone here is one of insult- did he feel that he was getting
worse treatment than the Europeans or someone of Roy's standing? (The Missing Years,67)
-After the Fifth Comintern Congress, Hồ Chí Minh finally prodded
the Eastern Section into taking on his planned voyage to China. His
assignment appears to have been loosely defined, however that was
difficult to believe that the Comintern leader who dealt with his request had
paid as much attention. From his own recapitulation of events in his
letter of 9 September 1924, it is clear that he was leaving
Moscow with very tenuous baking:
After the Fifth Congress, the Eastern Section informed me:
1) that it was going to recommend me to the Guomindang, for which I
would be obliged to work, because except for the cost of the voyage,the
section could not give me any financial aid;
2)that I would be there as a private person and not aComintern
agent;
3) that I have no relationship with our party [ this seems to mean
the French party, of which Ho was still a member] while in China.
Even though all these conditions seem difficult, I accept them in
order to leave. To make up for conditions two and three, I ask my party
to give a mandate, and send a letter to Chinese party, asking them to help me
in my work. The problem has thus resolved. (The
Missing Years,65)
- But his depart from Moscow was delayed by the Civil war in China.
At last, Hồ got to Canton on approximately 11, November 1924. He reported
his arrival that he was staying in Comrade Borodin' s home with two or three
Chinese comrades.At that time, Hồ worked for the ROSTA Agency, the
Russian Telegraphic Agency in Canton, China, a precursor of
the Tass news service, as a translator, and he had enough money for his
daily needs. (The
Missing Years,66)
Sophie Quinn Judge also gave us more useful details on life and activities of Hồ Chí Minh:
Sophie Quinn Judge also gave us more useful details on life and activities of Hồ Chí Minh:
-According to Fischer, Hồ arrived in Moscow in 1922 to attend the Fourth Comitern
Congress, but Sophie Quinn Judge said that there is no document or
other evidence to support this, we can assume that she has got her fact
wrong (The Missing
Years,53).
-One of his main occupation in Moscow was preparing reports on Vietnam and writing short articles for the communist press. He may have revised the manuscrip which he had begun in France, which was at last published as Le Procès de la Colonization Francaise by the Library du Travail in Paris in 1925. The typewritten French manuscript of what appears to be another brochure by Ho on Indochina is in the Comintern archives, but there is no sign that it was published.(The Missing Years,.55)
-One of his main occupation in Moscow was preparing reports on Vietnam and writing short articles for the communist press. He may have revised the manuscrip which he had begun in France, which was at last published as Le Procès de la Colonization Francaise by the Library du Travail in Paris in 1925. The typewritten French manuscript of what appears to be another brochure by Ho on Indochina is in the Comintern archives, but there is no sign that it was published.(The Missing Years,.55)
Although Hồ Chí Minh was Nguyễn Tất Thành or Hồ Tập Chương, or
another man, and although he was a tricky man, in 1963, he was restrained by Lê Duẩn
and Lê Đức Thọ. According to Vũ Thư Hiên ( Đêm Giữa Ban Ngày ) and Nguyễn
Văn Trấn (Viết Cho Mẹ và Quốc Hội), Lê Duẩn and Lê Đức
Thọ wanted to replace Hồ Chí Minh by General Nguyễn Chí Thanh. Unfortunately,
Nguyễn Chí Thanh died suddently in 1967, and Hồ remained at his position
but died in 1969.
Sophie Quinn Judge was right when she wrote about the tragic end of Hồ Chí Minh, "a prisoner of the system he created.":
A
new first secretary, Le Duan, who was determined to aid the southern
revolution, had been confirmed. In 1963 the Vietnamese became
increasingly impatient with Khrushchev’s policies and began to support
Chinese attacks on his revisionism. At the end of 1963 at the Ninth
Party Plenum, a resolution was passed to make Vietnam’s foreign and
internal policies follow those of China. Several memoirs maintain that
Ho’s opinions were ignored at this meeting. At a Christmas meeting with
the Soviet ambassador that year, Ho announced that he would be retiring
from the day-to-day running of the country. The Ninth Plenum seems to
have been a personal defeat for him, although he did not disagree with
the policy of making reunification a priority. He probably did
disapprove the unequivocal condemnation of Soviet revisionism, however. ... .
Some writers describe him as a prisoner of the system he created. He was in many respects a prisoner, but it is difficult to say that he created the system. It may be more accurate to say that he was a captive of his need for Communist support to win independence. This seriously restricted Ho’s political options throughout his career.(Ho Chi Minh [PDF] - Princeton University
http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/pons/s4_9143.pdf )
Some writers describe him as a prisoner of the system he created. He was in many respects a prisoner, but it is difficult to say that he created the system. It may be more accurate to say that he was a captive of his need for Communist support to win independence. This seriously restricted Ho’s political options throughout his career.(Ho Chi Minh [PDF] - Princeton University
http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/pons/s4_9143.pdf )
Nguyễn Tất Thành and Hồ Tập Chương were the lackeys of the Chinese
Communists.Nguyễn Tất Thành was disdained by Stalin and Mao, why they choose
him for the Chairman of Vietnam? There are two answers for this question:
-Sophie Quinn Judge : Nguyễn Tất Thành was killed in the
Stalin's purge.
-Hồ Tuấn Hùng: The
Comintern replaced Nguyễn Tất Thành by Hồ Tập Chương, a Chinese in order to
occupy Vietnam.
V. WAS HỒ CHÍ MINH A SAINT
IN THE VIETNAMESE EYES?
Although
Hô Chi Minh is one of the towering figures of the twentieth century, considered
an icon and father of the nation by many foreign writers and Vietnamese
Communists, but for Vietnamese people, Ho Chi Minh has remained a figure of
mystery and controversy because Ho and his men created the fake men and the
fake things in the Communist and Vietnamese history. When he was praised by his
men, Vietnamese people especially the Vietnamese nationalists debated
interminably over his true character and intentions. Critics charged that he
was a doctrinaire communist who sought to impose a Stalinist gulag on his
compatriots. Consequently, he created a corrupt dictatorship and committed many
crimes , and the most serious one was genocide. Moreover, he sold Phan Bội Châu
to the French and Vietnam to the Chinese. He betrayed Vietnam, he was not a
nationalist. Do you believe that Vietnamese people so love Ho Chi Minh that Ho has become an
object of veneration, literally, in temples dedicated to village spirits,
national heroes, bodhisattvas, and even the Cao Dai (21).
Do you believe that Vietnamese Buddhists want to worship Hồ Chí Minh, a dictator who plundered their freedom, killed their father, imprisoned their brothers, and make them hungry? Do you believe that Korean people so love Kim Jong-il, a tyrant, that they cried so much? Those were the drama scenes that the communists forced their people to play in order to deceive their people and the whole world.
Do you believe that Vietnamese Buddhists want to worship Hồ Chí Minh, a dictator who plundered their freedom, killed their father, imprisoned their brothers, and make them hungry? Do you believe that Korean people so love Kim Jong-il, a tyrant, that they cried so much? Those were the drama scenes that the communists forced their people to play in order to deceive their people and the whole world.
What
do you see when the Communism fall in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union?
People overthrew Stalin statue, and destroyed the Berlin wall. That was the
tragic end of the tyrants and the dictatorial governments. Now in Vietnam,
communist party is still strong, but the force
of people continued struggle against the communism.
We will see a lot of Vietnamese contemporary folk songs
which criticized Hồ Chí Minh and his regime:
-Ông Hồ, ông Duẩn, ông Chinh,
Vì ba ông ấy dân mình khổ đau.
Due to Mr. Hồ, Mr. Duẩn, and Mr. Chinh, Vietnamese people have to
stand so much sufferings.
-"Mỗi
năm ba thước vải thô,
Lấy gì che kín cụ Hồ hỡi em."
Each year we have the
right to buy three meters of clothing,
How can we
cover Mr. Hồ Chí Minh?
-Ở với Thiệu Kỳ
Mua gì cũng có,
Ở với Hồ Chí Minh
Mua cái đinh cũng phải
đăng ký.
Living with Thiệu Kỳ,
We can buy everything,
Living with Hồ Chí
Minh,
We can buy
nothing.
Poet Nguyễn Chí Thiện portraited sincerely the images and
activities of Hồ Chí Minh:
Không có gì quý hơn độc lập tự do."
Tôi biết nó, thằng nói câu nói đó
Tôi biết nó, đồng bào miền Bắc này biết nó
Việc nó làm, tội nó phạm ra sao...
Tôi biết nó, thằng nói câu nói đó
Tôi biết nó, đồng bào miền Bắc này biết nó
Việc nó làm, tội nó phạm ra sao...
.
. . . .
. . . .
.
Và tình nguyện làm con
chó nhỏ
Xông xáo giữ nhà gác ngõ cho cha anh
(Không có gì quý hơn độc lập tự do)
Xông xáo giữ nhà gác ngõ cho cha anh
(Không có gì quý hơn độc lập tự do)
Nothing is more
precious than independence and freedom. "
I know the guy
who said that sentence
I know him,
people in the North know him.
And know what he did,
and what were his crimes
........
. . .
. . .
. . .
He called Russian and
Chinese father and brother
He made up
his mind to be a dog guarding their house.
(Nothing
is more precious than independence and freedom)
From 1945 till now, Vietnamese people struggled continually against Hồ Chí Minh
and his men. Phan Khôi, Trần Dần, Nguyễn Mạnh Tường, Trần Đức Thảo, Phùng Quán,
Phùng Cung, Dương Thu Hương, Bùi Ngọc Tấn, Trần Xuân Bách, Trần Độ, Nguyễn Kiến
Giang, Thích Quảng Độ, Thích Thiện Minh, Nguyễn Văn Lý, Lê Quang Liêm, Cù Huy
Hà Vũ, Lê Công Định, Nguyễn Văn Đài, Lê Thị Công Nhân,
Lê Trần Luật, Tạ Phong Tần, Trần Quốc Hiền, Lê Quốc Quân, Nguyễn Bắc Truyển,
Việt Khang.. .One day, Vietnamese people uprised and abolished Vietnamese
communist party completly. In the meantime, please, remember the words of Russia
President Vladimir Putin: "He who believes the communists has no brain.
He who follows the communists has no heart"(27)
____
(1).
Bộ Chính trị vừa ra Chỉ thị số 06 - CT/TW về tổ chức cuộc vận động "Học
tập và làm theo tấm gương đạo đức Hồ Chí Minh” trong toàn Đảng, toàn đân từ
ngày 3/2/2007 đến hết nhiệm kỳ Đại hội X của Đảng.
http://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoi/Chi-thi-cua-Bo-Chinh-tri-ve-Hoc-tap-va-lam-theo-tam-guong-dao-duc-Ho-Chi-Minh/45223333/157/
(4). Time magazine. http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/hochiminh.htm
(5). Foreword by William
J. Duiker .Pierre Brocheux. Ho Chi Minh: A
Biography.Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
(6).Ho Chi Minh [PDF] -
Princeton University Press. p.1. http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/pons/s4_9143.pdf
(7). "Lessons of the Moscow Uprising" Collected Works,
Vol. 11, p. 174. http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin
(9).Manifesto of the Communist Party.
.Part II . The proletarians and communists.http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf
(11). Hồ Chí Minh: Toàn
tập, Nxb. Chính trị quốc gia, H.2002, t.10, tr.127, 128.
(12).
B. Bernard Fall. Introduction to Hồ Chí Minh On Revolution. Selected
Writings 1020-1966. Frederick A. Preager, New York, 1976, p.435. The Journal of Asian Studies . Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb., 1968. Book Review. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2051814?uid=3739448&uid=2&uid=3737720&uid=4&sid=21101605268867
(13). Defcon . Archive - Round 2 (1938). The Charter and
Conditions of the Comintern
(14). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography (review).Qiang Zhai.
Journal of Cold War Studies.Volume 11, Number 2, Spring 2009. pp.
139-141
From: Journal of Cold War Studies
. Volume 11, Number 2, Spring 2009
. pp. 139-141
(17). Duiker, Hồ Chí Minh, New York:Hyperion,2000.125
(18). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography (review).Qiang Zhai.Journal of Cold War Studies.Volume 11, Number 2, Spring 2009. pp. 139-141. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cws/summary/v011/11.2.zhai.html
(18). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography (review).Qiang Zhai.Journal of Cold War Studies.Volume 11, Number 2, Spring 2009. pp. 139-141. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cws/summary/v011/11.2.zhai.html
(20).Bùi
Tín. Hồ Chí Minh là người Cộng hòa hay người Cộng sản? http://www.voatiengviet.com/content/ho-chi-minh-la-nguoi-cong-hoa-hay-cong-san/1511119.html
(22).Beresford,
Vietnam: Politics, pp.91-92. see also Willmott, ‘Thoughts on Ho Chi Minh,’ pp.586-587.http://www.labour-history.org.uk/support_files/Vietnam.pdf
The significance
of Vietnamese Communists during the Comintern period.
(23). Vũ Thư Hiên. Đêm
Giữa Ban Ngày. Chương 38.
(24).Communist University of the Toilers of the East.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_University_of_the_Toilers_of_the_East
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh#cite_note-NYT1969-9 )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh#cite_note-NYT1969-9 )
(25). Hứa
Hoành. Hồ
Chí Minh.http://www.tinparis.net/thamluan/0107_HochiMinhgaynoichien_HuaHoanh.html)
(26).-
Hứa Hoành. Hồ
Chí Minh.http://www.tinparis.net/thamluan/0107_HochiMinhgaynoichien_HuaHoanh.html)
-"
(Hồi ký Lê Phát, Quê Mẹ, số 140).
No comments:
Post a Comment